How should the power and low voltage wiring of a concentrator be isolated?

Improper wiring of high-voltage (power supply) and low-voltage (acquisition, communication) lines within the concentrator can cause severe coupling interference. The core principles of isolated wiring are "spatial separation, vertical crossing, and shielded isolation." Spatially, high-voltage and low-voltage paths should be placed in different areas or cable trays during PCB and wiring harness layout, maintaining minimum spacing: for 220VAC high-voltage lines, the parallel spacing between them and low-voltage signal lines should be greater than 20mm. When proximity is unavoidable, lines should cross perpendicularly rather than run parallel. For long-distance parallel lines, a grounded metal shielding partition should be installed in the middle. On the PCB, at least a 3mm isolation slot should be opened between high-voltage and low-voltage areas, and a Y capacitor (2.2nF/Y1) or a common-mode inductor CMZ2012A-900T should be connected across the slot to provide a safe high-frequency connection. Low-voltage signal lines should use twisted-pair or shielded cables whenever possible. High-voltage cables themselves can also be shielded power cables. Through strict isolated wiring, coupling interference between high-voltage and low-voltage lines can be reduced by more than 40dB.