How should the spacing between the power lines and signal lines of a concentrator be set?

Improper spacing between power lines (carrying high current, high di/dt) and signal lines (especially low-level analog signals) inside the concentrator can cause severe interference through magnetic and electric field coupling. Spacing settings must comprehensively consider voltage difference, current change rate, and signal sensitivity. A rule of thumb: For low-voltage, small-signal signals (such as ADC input), the parallel spacing between the power line and the signal line should be at least 10 times the line width and not less than 2mm. For 220VAC main circuits, the spacing between the power line and the signal line should be greater than 10mm. If the power line current change rate is large (such as in a switching power supply chopper circuit), the spacing needs to be further increased, or the lines should be routed perpendicularly. In multilayer PCBs, an intermediate ground plane can be used to isolate power lines and signal lines on different layers. When the spacing cannot meet the requirements, a grounded guard trace or a grounded copper shield must be inserted between them. All spacing rules should be pre-defined in the PCB design rules and enforced.