How to avoid crosstalk between multiple communication interfaces of a power DTU?

To avoid crosstalk between multiple communication interfaces in a DTU, physical isolation and timing staggering are necessary. Different interfaces (such as RS485, Ethernet, and serial ports) should be located in different areas of the PCB, isolated by a ground plane. Interfaces should be partially covered with shielding covers. Cables should be routed separately to avoid parallel runs. In software, a time-division multiplexing mechanism should be used to prevent simultaneous operation. Interface coupling should be analyzed through simulation to optimize the layout. In actual testing, the bit error rate should be below 10^-6 when multiple interfaces are operating simultaneously. Avoiding crosstalk ensures that each interface operates independently and stably, improving the overall system reliability.