How should the high-frequency devices in a PCS (Power Control System) of an energy storage system be placed away from sensitive circuits?

In PCS layout, keeping high-frequency noise devices away from sensitive loops is a direct and effective way to reduce coupling interference. High-frequency devices include: switching transistors, freewheeling diodes, driver ICs, and all high-speed digital circuits (such as DSPs and FPGAs). Sensitive loops include: analog sampling circuits (current/voltage sensors), precision reference sources, low-frequency analog control loops, and communication receivers.

Layout principles:

1. Zoned layout: Physically separate "noise zones" and "clean zones" on the PCB, leaving a buffer zone or using ground lines for isolation.

2. Follow signal flow: Layout according to power flow and signal flow direction, avoiding sensitive loops being on the radiation path of high-frequency noise.

3. Increase distance: Utilize the principle of inverse square attenuation to maximize the distance between the two.

4. Shielding and isolation: If necessary, add shielding covers to noise devices or locally shield sensitive loops.

5. Pay attention to vertical direction: In multilayer boards, avoid having noise layers directly above or below sensitive loops.