How should the magnetic ring of a power line carrier PLC be arranged in the coupling circuit?

The placement of the magnetic ring in the coupling circuit of a power line carrier PLC needs to optimize magnetic coupling efficiency and reduce losses. A high-permeability ferrite magnetic ring, such as PC44 material with an initial permeability ≥2300, should be selected. The size should be chosen based on the current, for example, an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 10mm, and a height of 10mm. During placement, the power line should be wound in parallel through the magnetic ring. The number of turns should be calculated based on the required inductance, for example, 5-10 turns, to obtain an inductance of 50-200μH. The magnetic ring should be placed as close as possible to the carrier coupling point, with a lead length of less than 5cm to reduce distributed capacitance. An insulating pad should be used to isolate the magnetic ring from the PCB to prevent short circuits. For high-frequency carriers, a copper foil shielding layer can be wrapped around the magnetic ring and grounded at one end to suppress radiated noise. Through actual measurements, the insertion loss of the coupling circuit was measured using a network analyzer, and the winding method was optimized to reduce the loss to less than 0.5dB. Proper placement of the magnetic ring can increase the carrier signal transmission distance by more than 20%.