How to adapt safety capacitors for power line carrier PLCs to power lines?

The safety capacitors for power line carrier PLCs must be selected based on the power line voltage level, withstand voltage requirements, and frequency characteristics. For 220VAC power lines, X2 safety capacitors should be selected, with a withstand voltage of 275VAC or higher and a capacitance range of 0.1-1μF, such as 0.47μF/275VAC, connected in parallel between the live and neutral wires to filter differential-mode noise. Y capacitors should be selected with a withstand voltage of 250VAC and a capacitance range of 1-10nF, such as 2.2nF/250VAC, connected across the primary and secondary grounds to suppress common-mode noise. The capacitor dielectric should be metallized polypropylene film, which has self-healing properties to ensure long-term reliability. In the carrier frequency band, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the capacitor should be as low as possible, and products with good high-frequency characteristics should be selected. During installation, the capacitor leads should be as short as possible, and the capacitor should be placed close to the noise source. Passing withstand voltage tests (2000VDC/60s) and flame retardant tests (UL94 V-0) ensures that the safety capacitors operate safely and reliably in power line environments.