Vehicle Ethernet Standard Architecture

Who is it?

The core value of in vehicle Ethernet is to completely transform cars from mechanical products into intelligent electronic products - it solves the pain points of slow transmission, too many lines, and unreliability of traditional in vehicle networks, providing a high-speed, stable, and efficient communication foundation for autonomous driving vehicle networking and intelligent cockpit, and is the hidden core technology of intelligent cars

Before smart cars, the communication lines in cars were mainly CAN bus (control data) and LIN bus (low-speed auxiliary data), just like rural roads

Who will ensure its EMC security?

The testing standards developed by the OPEN Alliance ensure that devices from different manufacturers (such as Huawei's domain controllers and Bosch's radars) can interconnect and communicate with each other

Core Physical Layer Standard

1. IEEE 802.3bw (100BASE-T1)

Release time: 2015

Also known as BroadR Reach/OABR (Open Alliance BroadR Reach)

Transmission rate: 100 Mbps, single pair unshielded twisted pair (UTP) full duplex

Transmission distance: up to 15 meters

Features: Designed specifically for vehicles, reducing wiring weight (about 60%) and cost, and resistant to electromagnetic interference (EMC)

Application scenarios: ADAS, cameras, entertainment systems, V2X communication

2. IEEE 802.3bp (1000BASE-T1)

Release time: 2016

Transmission rate: 1 Gbps, single pair twisted pair full duplex

Transmission distance: up to 15 meters

Application scenarios: high-speed data transmission, advanced driving assistance systems, high-definition video streaming

3. Other physical layer standards

IEEE 802.3ch: 2.5G/5G/10Gbps single pair copper cable, IEEE SA released in 2020

IEEE 802.3cz: 2.5G-50Gbps fiber optic, IEEE SA released in 2023

IEEE 802.3cy: 25Gbps Electrical Vehicle Ethernet, IEEE SA to be released in 2023

IEEE 802.3dm: For car camera links, unidirectional maximum 10Gbps IEEE SA

IEEE 802.3bw-10：10BASE-T1S， Supports multi-point bus topology, suitable for regional architecture

Time sensitive network (TSN) and audio video bridging (AVB) standards

1. Time synchronization

IEEE 802.1AS (gPTP): Precision Time Synchronization Protocol, providing nanosecond level synchronization accuracy

2. Flow control and scheduling

IEEE 802.1Qav: Queuing and Forwarding Protocol, reserving bandwidth for AVB traffic

IEEE 802.1Qbv: Gate Control Mechanism for Deterministic Transmission

IEEE 802.1Qat: Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP), which reserves bandwidth for critical data

3. Audio and video transmission

IEEE 1722: AVB Transmission Protocol (AVTP), defines the audio and video data encapsulation format

IEEE 1733: Real time Transport Protocol (RTP) ensures real-time transmission of audio and video streams