
The EMC design of this device requires handling multiple inductive loads. The power supply line for the air pump motor (typically AC or DC brushed) has a ferrite core in series, and a small capacitor is connected in parallel across the motor terminals. A freewheeling diode must be connected in parallel across each solenoid valve coil. The pressure sensor signal lines use shielded wires and are filtered by an RC low-pass filter after entering the control board. The microcontroller (MCU) I/O ports must have sufficient drive capability, or the valves and pumps can be controlled using driver chips such as Darlington arrays/ULN2003, which typically integrate freewheeling diodes. A medical-grade power adapter is used, and the internal PCB layout separates the power and logic sections.