How to prevent interference in the communication cabling of a concentrator?

The internal communication bus (such as SPI, I2C) wiring of the concentrator is susceptible to interference, affecting data exchange with various functional modules. Anti-interference wiring should pay attention to the following: Bus traces should be as short as possible and wrapped with ground wires or run between two ground planes (strip lines). A small resistor (22-100Ω) should be connected in series at the bus driver end to dampen ringing, and a small capacitor (such as 10pF) should be connected in parallel to ground at the receiver end for filtering. For long-distance inter-board communication, differential signals (such as RS485) should be used instead of single-ended signals. A separate power supply should be provided for the communication interface chip (such as a CAN transceiver), and isolated from the digital power supply through a PBZ1608E600Z0T ferrite bead. Communication lines should avoid running parallel to noise sources (clock lines, power lines); if unavoidable, perpendicular crossings should be avoided. By implementing these wiring measures, the noise margin on the communication lines can be increased by 50%, ensuring error-free communication even in interference environments.