What are some low-cost EMC optimization solutions for Human-Machine Interface (HMI)?

Optimizing HMI EMC while controlling costs requires finding a balance between design wisdom and component selection. The core of a low-cost solution is "spending money wisely," prioritizing the most likely issues to exceed limits. First, optimizing PCB layout and routing is cost-free; strictly adhering to layout partitioning, reducing loop area, maintaining a complete ground plane, and grounding critical signals can significantly reduce EMI at the source. Second, where components are necessary, choose cost-effective solutions: for example, using a high-performance common-mode inductor with a basic capacitor at the power input is better than using multiple ordinary inductors; for ESD protection of low-speed I/O ports, use inexpensive polymer ESD suppressors or TVS arrays instead of single TVS; use self-made "lossy" transmission lines or resistor-capacitor combinations on the PCB for filtering. Structurally, make reasonable use of existing metal frames as shielding, or use copper foil or shielding only in localized critical areas (such as clock chips). Choose components that meet requirements but are not from top-tier brands, or collaborate with suppliers to develop customized, cost-effective models. Echotronics also offers multiple product lines to meet different cost requirements. With precise design and reasonable component selection, HMI products can meet basic EMC certification requirements without significantly increasing costs.