How to choose between single-point grounding and multi-point grounding for EPS?

The choice between single-point grounding and multi-point grounding in EPS depends on the signal frequency and system architecture. Single-point grounding is suitable for low-frequency (typically <1MHz) analog and control circuits, where all circuit grounds are connected to a single common reference point, effectively avoiding ground loops and common impedance coupling, and ensuring signal integrity. Multi-point grounding is suitable for high-frequency (>10MHz) digital and power circuits, where the circuit ground is connected to the nearest low-impedance ground plane (such as a complete ground plane or metal chassis) with the shortest distance, providing a return path with minimal inductance for high-frequency noise currents and suppressing high-frequency impedance and antenna effects of the ground wires. In hybrid systems like EPS, a hybrid grounding approach is often used: single-point grounding for low-frequency analog sections and multi-point grounding for high-frequency digital and power sections, with the two connected at a single point by a "bridge" (such as a ferrite bead or a 0-ohm resistor) to block high-frequency noise crosstalk.