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How to Use a Spectrum Analyzer to Locate Electromagnetic Interference Issues in Automotive Electronics EMC?

Source:Yint Time:2025-09-27 Views:530
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汽车电程师都知道,在汽车电子EMS中定位电磁干扰源时,频谱分析仪起到核心作用,它是用来捕获干扰的频率特征并结合空间分布定位源头,具体方法和参数设置如下:

第一步:定位步骤

   初步扫频:先用频谱分析仪对整车或目标系统(如车载雷达、ECU)进行全频段扫描(通常 10kHz~6GHz,覆盖汽车电子常见干扰频段),记录干扰信号的中心频率、带宽及强度

   窄带聚焦:针对可疑频率,缩小频率范围(如干扰集中在 100MHz~200MHz,则设置起始 100MHz、终止 200MHz),使用近场探头(电场探头测高频,磁场探头测低频)在干扰源可能存在的区域(如电机、逆变器、高压线束)移动,通过信号强度变化定位最接近干扰源的位置

    瞬态捕捉:若干扰为瞬态(如电机启动时的脉冲),开启频谱仪的“峰值保持”或“触发扫描”功能,确保捕获瞬间信号

第二步:参数设置要点

  1. 频率范围:根据干扰类型预设,例如:电机干扰多在 10kHz~100MHz,射频模块干扰可能在 800MHz~5GHz
  2. 分辨率带宽(RBW):需小于干扰信号带宽,避免相邻信号重叠。例如窄带干扰(如晶振谐波)用 1kHz~10kHz RBW;宽带干扰(如开关电源噪声)用 100kHz~1MHz RBW
  3. 衰减器:确保输入信号不超过频谱仪量程(避免过载),初始设置0dB 衰减,若信号过强(超过参考电平),逐步增加衰减(如:10dB、20dB)

注意:扫描时间:慢于信号变化速度,瞬态干扰需设置较短扫描时间(如10ms),避免信号丢失

设计苹果款汽车钥匙.png

——内部于音特FAE Tony提供


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