Which EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) components are helpful for the design and modification of anesthesia machines?

The EMC design of anesthesia machines requires meticulous attention. Each solenoid valve or proportional valve coil drive circuit should have a freewheeling diode connected in parallel, and a TVS (e.g., SMBJ series) should be placed near the drive chip to suppress inductive turn-off spikes. The analog output signals of infrared or electrochemical sensors used for gas concentration monitoring must be connected to a dedicated high-precision ADC via shielded cables. The ADC's reference voltage source must be exceptionally stable and decoupled. All metal panels of the entire machine must be reliably connected to the main ground wire, forming a continuous shield. The signal lines of the front panel touchscreen or rotary encoder should be equipped with ESD protection arrays to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) introduced by medical personnel during operation from causing system malfunctions.