
The spacing between power lines and signal lines is based on voltage difference and frequency. According to IEC 61800-3: for 230VAC/50Hz power lines, the parallel spacing should be greater than 150mm, and they should cross perpendicularly when crossing. For DC24V/100kHz switching frequency power lines, the parallel spacing should be greater than 50mm. On the PCB: the spacing between high-voltage lines (>60V) and low-voltage lines should be greater than 2.5mm, consistent with creepage distance requirements. In multilayer boards, power layers and signal layers are isolated using a ground plane. Cable routing: cables of different voltage levels are laid in separate channels, with metal partitions between channels. Through reasonable spacing settings, coupling capacitance is less than 1pF, and inductive coupling is reduced by more than 30dB, meeting the IEC 61000-4-6 conducted immunity test requirements.