How to Design Effective Surge Protection for the Power Port of a Bone Densitometer?

At the AC power input, it is essential to deploy components capable of absorbing high-energy transient overvoltages. For an AC220V power grid, varistors with a current-handling capability of 3kA or above, or dedicated lightning protection modules, should be selected as the primary protection stage to withstand surge impacts caused by events such as lightning strikes. On critical internal DC power lines, such as the DC12V and DC5V lines powering sensors, fast-response TVS diodes must be used for precise secondary clamping. Their breakdown voltage should be slightly higher than the normal operating voltage of the line to ensure rapid activation during overvoltage events and protect downstream precision circuits.