Which EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) devices are helpful for the design and modification of neuromuscular electrical stimulators?

The EMC design of NMES devices emphasizes output isolation and protection. Pulse generation and amplification circuits should be optocoupled and isolated from the microcontroller. The output stage should employ transformer isolation or capacitor DC blocking to ensure patient safety. The output MOSFETs or power operational amplifiers should be driven stably, and their power supplies should be well-filtered. At the output electrode ports, detection circuits can be designed to monitor output current and voltage, immediately shutting down the output upon detecting an anomaly (potentially caused by interference). Battery power significantly simplifies EMC issues and improves safety. If AC power is used, the power adapter must comply with medical safety regulations and EMC standards.