Which EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) components are helpful for the design and modification of urine analyzers?

The EMC of a urine analyzer requires a balance between optics and mechanics. The LED driver for the reflectance photometer should operate in constant current mode to avoid brightness fluctuations. Shielded cables should be used for the output signal lines of photodetectors (e.g., photodiodes). The stepper motor drivers for the sample conveyor or turntable should be properly filtered, and the motor housing should be grounded. If flow cytometry is used, the high-voltage power supplies and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for the sheath flow system and fluorescence detection channel should be shielded and filtered in accordance with those used in blood analyzers. The clock circuit on the overall digital control board should be strategically placed away from the analog components.