
EMC design for blood gas analyzers must protect the sensor front end. Leads for each electrode (pH, CO2, O2) should be as short as possible and directly connected to the high input impedance, low bias current operational amplifier using shielded cables. The amplifier circuit board area should be covered with a grounded shield. Power supplies for the peristaltic pump and solenoid valves should be physically separated from the sensor circuit power supply and isolated via ferrite beads. The device should have a metal casing, and all user interface (touchscreen, barcode scanner) cable ports should have common-mode filters and ESD protection. The instrument should be placed away from sources of strong interference.