
Bone densitometers (e.g., dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) must comply with GB 9706.1, YY 0505 (domestic), and IEC 60601-1-2 (international) EMC standards. They combine a low-dose X-ray generation and detection system with a precision mechanical motion system. The standards require that during measurement, the detector readings and mechanical positioning of the equipment be unaffected by external electromagnetic interference (e.g., variable frequency air conditioners, wireless equipment). The low-voltage power supply and control circuitry of the X-ray tube are potential noise sources and require filtering and shielding. The detector signal lines are typically low-level analog signals, highly susceptible to interference, and must use shielded twisted-pair cables with filtering and protection upon entry into the circuit board.