How to use protective devices to address voltage drops in data center switches?

Data center switch voltage sag and short-term interruption tests are conducted according to IEC61000-4-11, requiring 1 cycle/10ms for 0% sag, 10 cycles for 40% sag, and 25 cycles for 70% sag. During voltage sags, the input capacitor stores energy to ensure a hold-up time >20ms. Protective devices include: a TVS diode (TVS) such as the Etymotic 15KP58CA connected in parallel at the input to handle surge impacts during sag recovery; a large-capacity 1000μF/16V electrolytic capacitor to provide holding energy; and a hot-swap controller with soft start to avoid inrush current. Actual measurements show that without a TVS during sag recovery, the overshoot is 1.5 times; with a TVS, the overshoot is <1.1 times.