How to Design Reliable Surge Protection for the 24V DC Main Power Port of an ECMO?

The 24V DC main power port faces risks of transient overvoltage introduced by mains power or equipment plugging/unplugging. The protection design must balance high-energy absorption and stable output. A multi-stage protection strategy should be implemented at the front end of the power path. First, use a TVS diode with a peak pulse power rating of several kilowatts as the core clamping device to reliably absorb high-energy surges. Second, deploy an EMI filter, composed of components like power inductors, behind the TVS to further suppress conducted noise. This combination of TVS and filter effectively clamps overvoltages and filters out interference, ensuring the stability of the subsequent DC-DC converter and system power supply.