
Hemodialysis machines must comply with GB 9706.1, YY 0505 (domestic), and IEC 60601-1-2 (international) EMC standards. Their functions are complex, including blood pumps, heparin pumps, dialysate preparation and heating, leakage monitoring, and air detection. The standards require that during treatments lasting several hours, the monitoring and control of all key parameters (flow rate, temperature, pressure, conductivity) must be stable, unaffected by fluctuations in the hospital's power grid or interference from nearby equipment (e.g., other dialysis machines, air conditioners). Furthermore, the machine's operation should not affect equipment such as cardiac monitors in the ward.