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Open Alliance Test refers to a series of tests conducted by the OPEN Alliance for automotive Ethernet-related devices and systems, aimed at ensuring compatibility and interoperability between vehicle internal network components. Details are as follows:
OPEN Alliance
OPEN Alliance SIG is a non-profit open industry alliance jointly established by OEMs, tier1, and tier2, mainly consisting of over 160 automotive OEMs and suppliers worldwide, dedicated to promoting and applying Ethernet technology in automotive environments.

Overview of Common Communication Protocol Common Mode Inductors and Electrostatic Protection Devices




Protocol
Protocol


Speed/rate
Speed


ESD S/N
ESD Protection Model

Packing Size
Package
CML S/N Common Mode Inductor Model
Packing Size Package
GMSL
12Gbps

01 Basic Knowledge and Importance of Inductors
Inductors are components that can convert electrical energy into magnetic energy and store it. Their structure is similar to transformers but with only one winding. They have certain inductance, characterized by passing direct current and impeding alternating current. When current flows through a conductor, an electromagnetic field is generated. Inductance is a physical quantity that measures the ability of a coil to generate electromagnetic induction; when current is applied to a coil, a magnetic field is generated around the coil, with magnetic flux passing through. The larger the applied current, the stronger the magnetic field and the greater the magnetic flux. The ratio of magnetic flux through the coil to the applied current is proportional, and their ratio is called the self-inductance coefficient, which is inductance.
The role of inductors...

1. Why Do We Need Common Mode Inductors?
1.1 CAN bus interference mainly comes from common mode noise and differential mode noise. Common mode noise commonly includes ground loop interference and EMI (electromagnetic interference), which is generated simultaneously in both transmission lines, with potential referenced to ground.
For example: In complex electromagnetic environments, electromagnetic interference generated by nearby large electrical equipment during operation may enter the CAN bus through space coupling, forming common mode noise ; Differential mode noise is mainly signal crosstalk, generated between two transmission lines. For instance, during high-speed data transmission, signals from adjacent signal lines may interfere with each other, causing...

1 Background of New Energy Vehicle Communication Networks
With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the intelligence and automation level of vehicles continues to improve, making communication between electronic control units (ECUs) within vehicles increasingly critical. The communication network is like the "nervous system" of new energy vehicles, responsible for transmitting various control instructions and data information, ensuring coordinated operation of various vehicle systems.

In new energy vehicles, the battery management system (BMS) needs to communicate in real time with the motor controller (MCU), vehicle controller (VCU), etc., to achieve precise...

1. What is a TVS Tube?
 
TVS, or Transient Voltage Suppressor Diode, is a new type of highly efficient circuit protection device that plays a key role in preventing surge and overvoltage protection in electronic circuits. When the two ends of a TVS tube experience instantaneous high-energy impact, it can change the impedance between its terminals from high to low at extremely high speed (sub-nanosecond level), absorb a large instantaneous current, clamp the voltage across its terminals to a predetermined value, thereby protecting subsequent circuit components from transient...

In Boost circuits, selecting inductors requires considering the following key electrical parameters
 

Inductance value: According to the formula
 Calculate, where is input voltage, is output voltage, is diode forward voltage drop, is output current, and is switching frequency. Generally, larger inductance values result in better output voltage stability, but increase volume and cost2.
Current parameters:

Rated current: The inductor's rated current should be greater than the maximum continuous operating current in the circuit. It is generally recommended to select an inductor with a rated current 20%-30% larger than the circuit maximum current1.
Saturation...

In Buck circuits, selecting inductors requires considering the following multiple aspects:


Inductance value: According to the working principle and formula of Buck circuits

 

     
to calculate the required inductance value. Where is input voltage, is output voltage, is switching frequency, and is allowable inductor current ripple. Generally, larger inductance values can make output voltage ripple smaller, but will increase inductor size and cost, and may also reduce dynamic response speed; if inductance value is too small, it cannot effectively filter ripple, leading to unstable output voltage...

Skin effect in inductors refers to the phenomenon where when alternating current passes through an inductor element, the current concentrates on the surface of the inductor conductor, while the current density inside the conductor is smaller.
Principle of inductor skin effect
 

Electromagnetic induction effect: When alternating current passes through an inductor coil, it generates an alternating magnetic field inside and around the coil. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, this alternating magnetic field generates an induced electromotive force inside the inductor conductor, which in turn produces an induced current. Due to the larger rate of change of magnetic flux in the central part of the inductor, the induced electromotive force and induced current are also larger. These induced currents interact with the original current...